Assess fuel minerals, ash behaviour, and boiler operating data to evaluate anti-slagging additives and validate their performance during plant trials.

Understand crystal modification, its relationship with threshold inhibition and dispersion, and how to assess cooling water deposit control performance.

Combine biocide selection, contact time, cleaning, and monitoring to control biofilm and maintain heat transfer performance in industrial cooling water systems.

Compare inorganic and organic coagulants, assess alkalinity requirements, and use jar tests to select an effective industrial water treatment program.

Understand substoichiometric scale inhibition, application limits, and how to convert an active ingredient dosage into a plant chemical feed requirement.